Heat-engine



B. AMES.

HEAT ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED Nov. 9, 1915.

Patented me. 28,1920.

Ivy-U e 70%() r' B. AMES.

HEAT ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 9. |916.

Patented Dec. 28, 192.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

B. AMES` HEAT ENGINE. APPLICATIoN FILED Nov. 9, 1915.

Patented Dec. 28

1920. I 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3 B. AMES.

HEAT ENGINE.

APPLICTION FILEDl NOV. 9,1916. 1,363547., Patented Die@a 28, 19N.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

nire

BUTLER AllES, OF LOWELL, MASSACHUSETTS.

HEAT-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

rasanten nee. as, ieee.

Application filed November 9, 1916. Serial No. 130,474.

To all 'whom t may concern.'

Be it known that l, BUTLER AMES, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Lowell, in the county of Middlesex and State 0f ldlassachusettahave invented new and useful improvements in Heat-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to reciprocating` engines. By the term engine there are delinitively included not only prime motors, but also pumps, meters and any other mechanism of which the function is characterized by inhalation and exhalation of fluids through the agency of a reciprocating member and a chamber within which it performs its movements of displacement.

More particularly, my invention relates to the valvular system of reciprocating engines and among its chief objects may be mentioned elimination of many of the usual adjuncts of a valve system and quick full opening and abrupt closing of the valve controlled ports. ln its application to reciprocating motive engines my invention has further objects, namely: the exclusion of cylinder lubricants from the space occupied by gases at high temperature and conse quently the protection of such lubricants from destructive or injurious effect of internal heat, consistently with conservation of the energy of the motive fluid; provision of combustion space favrable to the most rapid and uniform propagation of the ein,

plosive wave, when my invention is embodied in an internal combustion or explosion engine; and in engines of the last named type the securement of four-cycle efficiency with the characteristic structural simplicity of the two-cycle type. @ther objects accomplished by my invention will transpire in connection with the description of engines which embody the same.

l believe thatvthe chief characteristic of the invention itself is the employment, in combination with the elementary factors of the reciprocating engine, of a member which, reciprocating in unison with a piston, rotates in relation to the cylinder and by its combined reciprocating and rotating movement opens and closes `ports in the cylinder through which fluids pass to enter or leave the piston-swept space in the cylinder. lt will be observed in connection with a description of examples of my invention that this important characteristic is responsible for other features of invention which contribute materially to the practical eiiiciency of engines in which they are incorporated. In the drawings hereto annexed which showV examples of my invention,-

Figure l is `an end elevation of a fourv cycle internal explosion engine;

F 1g. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section or the same engine taken on the line 2-2 of F 1g. l and viewed in the direction of the arrows associated with said line;

llig. 3 is a cross section of the engine shown in Fig. l at the. line 3-3 viewed in the direction of the arrows associated with said line; i

F ig. i is a detail showing partly in section and partly -in elevation, the connecting rod and actuating mechanism for the valve member;

Fig. 5 is a cross section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2 and viewed in the direction of the arrows associated with the said line;

(The foregoing Figs. l to V5, inclusive,

illustrate one form in which my invention may be exemplified. The following figures illustrate another). Fig. 6 is an end elevation of a four-cycle internal combustion or explosion engine generically similar to but specifically dif ferent from the engine illustrated in Figs. l to 5, inclusive;

Fig. 7 is a view in elevation of the piston with the valve member associated therewith;

Fig. 8 is a vertical longitudinal central section of the engine shown in Fig. 6 taken onthe line 8-8 of Fig. 6 and viewed in the direction of the arrows associated with said line;

9 is a cross section on the line 9 9 of F ig. 8 and viewed in the direction of the arrows associated with said line;

Fig. 10 is a detail showing in elevation the inner face of one of the port plates of the cylinder;

Fig. ll is a vertical cross section of one of the said port plates and of part of the cylinder;

Fig. l2 is a view in perspective of a spring seat used in connection with the packing rings and the port plates;

Fig. 18 is a diagram illustrating the relative positions of the main parts of the engine when the crank is at head end dead point;

Fig. le is a similar diagram showing the relative positions of the main parts of the engine when the crank is at crank end dead point; and

Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18 are diagrams which show successively the relative positions of the cylinder ports and the port in the piston-carried valve element at the several stages of admission, compression, combustion and exhaust characteristic of a four-cycle internal combustion engine suoli as illustrated in Figs. 6 to 12, inclusive.

In its specific aspect the example of my invention herein illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, iiiclusive, shows the valve function performed by a member which is physically distinct from the piston and which `while reciprocating in unison with thep'iston'an-d rotating relation to the piston itself. ln both ex-V amples-it will be observed that that portion ormember-of the mechanical organization which performsthe valve function, is characterized by movement of reciprocation in unison with the piston and the movement of l rotation in relation to the cylinder, whether or not the latter movement is relative in rcspect to the piston as well as to the cylinder. This common characteristic of the two amples of'my invention shown in the drawings hereto annexed, is particularly exem plied and pointed out in order to malte it clear that my invention in its broader aspect is characterized by amember which performs the valve function while reciprocating in unison with the piston and rotating relatively to the cylinder, whether or not it rotates relatively to vthe reciprocating piston.

Another characteristic of my invention which has already been mentioned, especially important when the fluidswhich enter or occupy the engine are at high temperature, is that which relates to the exclusion of hot fluids from injurious contact with the cylinder lubricant. This result is securedA by virtually separating the space in which the hot fluid is containedfrom the space which is bounded in part by that portion of the cylinder wall which is swept by the head-end edge of the piston or that memberwhich, as an attachment to or an extension of the piston, re-

Vciprocates with it.

. Reference to Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive of the drawings, is now invited. Tn Fig. 1 the cylinder and its crank case are shown in elevation and inclosed members of the engine in dotted lines. The cylinder c is longer than is usual, its upper jacketed portion be- YLenaerts ing extended so as to accommodate the piston extension and the valve member associated therewith. The cylinder ports for intake and exhaust of iuids are shown at t and @,respectivelyg and are appropriate tothe type of engine selected, namely, a four-cycle engine ofinternal explosion type. ln Fig. 2 the inclosed parts are more clearly shown. The piston proper, marked p, is provided with an integral extension p which reaches into the head end of the cylinder and is of the saine dianieterfas the piston itself. The usual cylindrical piston extension p2 is provided at the crank side of the piston and` in this portion of the piston body the wrist pin 'iu is mounted. @n the'head end of the piston and inelosed within the extension p the valve member o is mounted, this being so proportioned as to make an easy turning fit with the piston extension p. The piston o has a central tubular boss p'which serves as a housing for the valve steine the axis of this stem being coincident with the axis of the cylinder c. il. rectangular port o is` provided in one side of the valve member o and and in the base of said valve member tiere is a thickened portion o2 which by its weight compensates for the material removedV to form the port o3. In the piston extension j/ there are provided two rectangular ports t" `and c which as the piston reciprocates register respectively with the cylinder ports and e.

The'valve member o is caused to rotate continuously in one direction by means associated with the reciprocating motion of the piston p. The specific embodiment of such means shown inthe illustration is as follows: The connecting rod r which is carried by the wrist pin w, is prvided with bearings to carry the rotative shaft d. This shaft turnsiii the ball bearing Z2 which is mounted in the Vlateral extension r and has at one end a worin gear g which meshes with the worm gear g, the latter being secured to the; crank pin m. The shaft Z is connected with the valve stem o by means of the universal joint shown at CZ. As the shaft my and crank pin m are rotated by the reciprocatory movement ofthe pistonY r the worm g meshing with the worm g will turnthe shaft CZ and consequently the valve stem o" and valve o. The wrist pin fw is made tubularsoasto accommodate the universal' joint alt-and` issuitably apertured at io to `provide for entrance of the valvestein o and also forl the oscillating motion of the connecting rod r. As the engine taken for example is a four-cycle` internal explosion engine, and as the intake and exhaust ports of the cylinder are placed substantially 90 apart, (see z' and c, Fig. 3), the worm or spiral gears g and g will be so designed that the valve member o will accomplish one full rotation for each two full rotations of the engine shaft m.

lBO

The valve member e with its port o3 is so placed with reference to the cylinder ports z' and e and corresponding piston ports e" and e', that the port 'v3 registers with the two ports e and e as the piston is taking the up stroke during which burned gases are to be ejected from the cylinder throughthe port c. When the cylinder has been thus exhausted and the piston is about to descend the valve member o will have rotated (see the rotation arrow in Fig. 3) so that at the next succeeding descent of the piston p the valve port 'v3 will register with and uncover the piston port 2'. and the cylinder port z. The ports thus uncovered communicate with the carbureter or other source oi supply or combustible mixture and as the piston descends this mixture will be inhaled into the space between the piston proper, p, and the head of the cylinder. Meanwhile the continued rotation of the valve membe o' will have brought about a closure of the intake ports t' and z" so that upon the succeeding up stroke oit the piston the conlined mixture will be compressed and made ready for ignition. When ignited. the gases by their explosion and combustion give the piston the impulse in the well known manner and the power stroke is taken. During the compression and power strokes the port fvg of the valve member o will have rotated from the intake port i over the blank wall of the piston extension p', until, the power stroke of the engine being completed, it has arrived at such a position that the succeedingJ up stroke of the piston will bring the valve o3 again into register with the exhaust ports e and e thus completing the cycle.

The extension. from the piston p which comprises the cylindrical. continuation p of thc piston and the rotary valve. member o, in addition to the functions above described, lends itself also to cooperation with other structural and functional factors of the engine to perform the function of protecting the lubricants on the walls of the cylinder 'from injurious effect oif heat. is these extensions proceed a considerable distance beyond the head end ci the piston there would obviously be an undesirable excess oi clearance space in the head end of the cylinder it the head, as usual, werersimply a cover on the cylinder. As a factor of my invention however the cylinder head 7i. is rentrant and comprises the cylinder wall ,7L-2 and in the case under description the inner and concentric cylinder wall It which with the wall h2 forms a jacket space in which cooling liquid can be circulated. ilVhen the piston is at the head end oi its stroke the clearance space is of such proportions as to be consistent with the normal performance of the engine.

The wall h2 of the rentrant cylinder head being parallel to the cylinder wall forms with the latter an annular chamber of small radial dimension and of axial dimension preferably' a little greater than the length of the piston stroke. The extension wall p of the piston and the cylindrical rotary Valve member o are so proportioned as to slide within this annular space between the cylinder wall and the head wall h2. InV the case under description the fit between the valve member o and the cylinder head wall 7a2 is further secured by a ring k3 which is similar to a piston ring so that when the piston descends toward the crank end of its stroke, hot gases in the space displaced by the piston will not penetrate into the space bounded by the cylinder wall. The lubricant which in the normal course of operation is wiped over the entire extent of the cylinder wall, will thus be preserved from deterioration by heat. If desired preliminary or supplementary lubrication may be supplied to the moving members in the annular chamber and the cylinder head and cylinder wall through the aperture at 0.

The cylinderl c is here shown, provided with an outer jacket y' and with cooling water connections at y" and jz while the jacket space in the cylinder heady between the outer wall 71,2 and the inner wall it is in communication with the cylinder jacket `so as to be supplied with cooling water. j

A spark plug or equivalent appliance shown at s is placed centrally in the cylinder head so that the explosive wave which iS propagated from the ignition device proceeds in all directions through the combustion chamber which from its central position is thus most advantageously placed to produce complete and prompt explosive ignition of the entire charge in the compression space As the members carried on the head end of the piston, namely: the extension p and the valve member if are preferably of such length that they never completely emerge from the annular space between the reentrant cylinder head and the cylinder wall, that is to say, extend into the said annular space when the piston is at the head end of its stroke to a distance at least equal to and preferably' greater than the length oi the piston stroke itself` the protection ot the lubricated surfaces of the cylinder, piston and associated parts is complete at all times.

The above described example of my invention shows the several functions performed by structurally distinct'and separate parts. Two or more of these functions however may be performed by a single integral part and the construction of my invention can the-rotore be still further simpliiied with the advantages which usually attend simplification and reduction in the number of parts.

Such a simpliiied form renitrant :cylinder rd head lisiat such .'distance fromthe head-end oil the pistonsWept-space as will: iiaiiord, in conjunction :wi-thi the lpiston itself, properly proportioned compression chamber. Y

. The piston P in its proper Vaspect terminates at thefpistonhead P.; To thisportion there is securely attached., integrally by preference,an-extension, or continuation, in 1theiornfr of? the sleeve P2, which `enters theffannular space between the extension of the cylinderI C andthe side wall H of the re- Y' 'entrant cylinder head H. The extension P2 should make a Vrunning lit with one of the Vwalls ot this annularspace, preferably with the cylinder C the gas-tightness ofthe: piston itself'in the cylinder is secured as usual bypisto'n rings,-suchlas are shown at Y.

ith a` cylinder-and piston thus provided, 4it 'is 'poss-ibletoemploy the motive agent yin "the engine at vihigh temperatures, withjout vdanger of carbonizing or disintegrating lubricating oil applied to the cylinder walls.V In 'order to accomplish this result in the largest practicable measure, the ycylinder and piston, with their several adjunctsfabove described, should be proportioned in the manner illustrated in the annexed drawings. rFlins "Ihe'aXia'l length of the annular space between the cylinder wall and the rentrant cylinder head should be not substantially less, and preferably should be greater than the length ofpiston stroke and theextonsion P2 of the piston should, when the piston is at'head end dead point, reach to the extremity of this annular space, or nearly so, and the'radial dimension oi this annular space shouldy be vas little in excess of the thickness of* the piston extension P2 as is practicable. If these prescriptions be Vobserved no portion of the cylinder Wall will beuninasked tothe direct or intense action of the hot motive agent; that portion of the motive agent which penetrates into the annular space beside the cylinder head H will be of relatively small quantity, and subject to eilectual heat losses by radiation both inwardly and outwardly, and that portion Jofthe cylinder wall which is swept over by neas-,547

tice to yseine-*extent .The limitations -imposed `on temperature bythe neeessityfor using lubricants have, however,been an 'ob- Stacie-:to the utilization oi vvery high temperatures ini primeV motors'which involve the use of 'a piston. Vl3nt with' the arrangement et cylinder and piston:substantiallyvv as above described, an internal combustiongas (gasoiene)V `engine 'has-been operatedv practically andV with' eontinuity'lwith no provisions for cooling the 'cylinder'iother than radiation irom" plain cylinder surfaces. Under these conditions 'the lubricant, vsupplied to the crank end of thecylinderby the usual splash method, remained uninj ur'ed'as evidenced by smokeless exhaust'conirmed by subsequent v internal examination of the engine.

Since voperation `with a motive agent at high"rv temperaturesfisr contemplated, and since reduction of the number of individual moving :parts-is desirable I eliminate 'valves and their adjuncts, even more thoroughly than in the example 'of my invention shown in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, by utilizing the piston extension P2 in conjunction with ports in the cylinder walls with which a port in the piston extension, which is the valve member, coacts. AlWholly apart from utility in relation to high temperature conditions,'my improvements in piston controlled valve elements will be seen to contribute structural and operating advantages, in the direction of simplicity.V

The Yvalve systemis illustratediin theiaccompanying drawings, Figs. 6 to 18, inclusive, in a form appropriate to `afour-cycle internal combustion4v engine. The cylinder is provided with twoports I and E, the intake and eiihaust, respectively, andthe-lpiston-lextension which constitutes the valve member P2 is provided `with lateral port openings O, O, which in eect are but a` single port, the rib Ov being for the sake `of structural strength. As will presently be described in detail, the piston? with its extension P2,.is given ya movement of rotation about its cylindricalaxis, in suchmanner and in such relation vto its reciprocatingmovements, as to open communicatiomthroughthe ports O, 0, between the combustion Space in the cylinder,'an`d the intake ports I and E in succession appropriate to the maintenance of the characteristic four-cycle operation, this being the engine type selectedior illustration. More particularly, in thecase here taken as an example, the rotation of the piston on its cylindrical axis is continuous in one direction, and is so engendered and determined that there shall be one complete rotation or the piston during two complete rotations oit the engine shaft; or what amounts to the same thing, during tour co1nplete single reciprocating strokes of the piston. To adapt the cylinder ports to this condition of piston movement, they are placed substantially ninety degrees of rotation apart, and in substantially the same plane at right angles to the axis ci the cylinder. rlhus it will be apparentthat in this example of my invention the piston itself' which comprises a Valvemember, by its reciprocating and rotary motion, performs the functions severally performed by the structurally separate piston p and valve member n, shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3.

Bearing in mind the relationships above set forth, the functional performance of the apertured piston extension P2 carried by and participating in the movement of the reciprocating and rotating piston P, will be made clear by reference to Figs. 15, 16, 17 and 18 of the drawings.

In these drawings, which are diagrammatic cross sections, the cylinder C is represented with its intake port I and exhaust port E one quadrant apart. In Fig. 15 the position of the valve member part of the piston P2 is shown as during the intake stroke; during this stroke the combustible mixture is inhaled into the combustion chamber of the cylinder. Compound rotative and reciprocating movement of the piston carries the port past the intake port I, and presently the return stroke for compression begins. In Fig. 16 the piston valve member P2 and its port O are shown in the relation to the cylinder' ports I and E during this compression stroke; the ports I and E are closed bv the blank wall of the valve member P2. Then follows ignition of the charge compressed in the head end of the cylinder, and the power stroke is made. Fig. 17 shows the position oi the piston sleeve port O during this stroke, the cylinder ports remaining closed. During the next, the exhaust or scavenging stroke, the port O of the piston valve member passes over the exhaust cylinder port E, releasing the burnt gases, as indicated in Fig. 18. The rotation of the piston with the valve member on its cylindrical axis during the stroke cycle, is indicated by the arrows in Figs. 15 to 18, inclusive. It will be observed also, by reference to Figs. 13 and 111 that the cylinder ports (port I being the one i shown) lie below the crank and dead point locus of the top edge of the valve member, P2, and that the lower surface H2 of the re, entrant cylinder head. lies also below this lo,

cus of the top edge of the valve member P2.y

Rotary (and by this is denitely included oscillatory) movement .of a valve member may be obtained, consistently with reciprocatory motion and connection with a crank, by means of various mechanical devices, and .the specific mode adopted to secure the characteristic relative motions above illustrated may be left to the mechanical engineer to adapt,.select, or invent. The specific mechanism which I have contrived for this purpose is shown in Figs. 6, S and 9.

In place ot the usual wrist pin for the connecting rod, I provide a universal joint, of which one pivot member K is secured in ears I2 which project from the plate J g this plate J is secured to the piston by studs J. A block L is pivotally Amounted on the pin K, and carries the wrist or pivot pin L. Forks L3 on the connecting rod member R carry the pin bearings L2, through which the wrist pin L passes. These parts constitute the universal joint.

The connecting rod comprises two principal members, one of which, R, is tubular, and provided with a reduced bore at R', the other member, M, makes a turning iit in the reduced bore R', and is enlarged at the crank pin end to formV the crank pin bearing M3, and also to provide a circular race for antifriction balls or rollers at M2. 'Ihe member M is drawn into and held in proper working relation with the tubular member R, by means of a nut at M.

The crank pin end of the connecting rod member R is ianged at Rzfto provide securement for the bevel. gear N. This meshes with a bevel gear Q, which is fast to the crank pin Il. Each full rotation of the crank V on the shaft W produces one full rotation oi the bevel gear Q. As (according to the requirements of the four-cycle type) the piston with its piston sleeve is to rotate one quadrant per piston stroke, or two quadrants (half a revolution) per double piston stroke, or what amounts to the same thing, per shait rotation, the gears Q and N are given a ratio of one to two. Thus the connecting rod member R, and with it the piston P and its valve P2 will ro tate once in every four piston strokes. T o adapt such a mechanism to other cycle conditions is merely a matter of design. 0

In order to preserve a practically gas tight joint around the cylinder ports I and E, I provide a packing ring system shown in detail in Figs. 9, 10, and 11; the packing for both ports I and E being the same, the description of the port plate D applies to the `similar plate FL The apertured plate D has an inner annular projection D, the interior surface of which is shaped toV coincide with the bore of fthe cylinder C. In the face of the projection QD there are formed several concentric grooves D3, in which packing rings D2 are placed'.f These'V rings' are placed so as to conform to the curvature of the cylinder,

i vand a retaining. pin D4 (F ig. 11) Which springis bowed up. The spring is placedin the bottom of a `groove D3 with a packing ring D2 resting on the bowed up portions X so that pressure on the spring Will cause the bowed upportions X to straighten out. Light contact between the, rings D2 and the sleeve P2 'sutlices to render this packing substantially gas tight.`

The cylinder head H Will be preferably provided 'With a central threaded and bored boss at H3, for the attachment of the spark plug S, to a cap S. This location of the ignition device in the center of a truly cylindrical space, insures even and prompt propagation of the explosive Wave.

I claim.: Y

1. The combination of a'cylinder, a piston to'reciprocate in the cylinder, a tubular valve member carried by the vpiston above the head thereof and rotatable with relation tothe cylinder and piston, and means associated with the reciprocation of the piston to rotate said valve member, the cylinder and valve member provided with coasting ports communicating directly With .the combustion space in the cylinder for the passage of fluids. v 2. The combination of a cylinder, a piston to reciprocate in the cylinder, a valve member carried by the piston, and rotatable with relation to the piston, and means associated with the reciprocation of the piston to rotate said valve member continuously, the cylinder and valve member provided with coacting ports for the passage of fluids.

'3.' The combinationvof a cylinder, a piston to reciprocate in the' cylinder, a rentrant cylinder head forming with the Wall an annular'chamber, a cylindrical valve'member vcarried by the piston and rotatable with relation to the 'piston and reciprocating inl said annular chamber, means to rotate said valve member, thecylinder andvalve member providedW-ith coacting ports for the passage of fluids. t

4111i a heat engine, the combination ofV a cylinder,` 'a piston, an extension on the piston, and a tubular valve member associated with the piston extension, the piston and valve member having port openings` communicatingfrvvith inlet exhaust openings into the combustionfspace Within the cylinder. Y 5. Ina heatrengine, the combination offra cylinder, a piston' in the cylinder having. a

cylindrical-Wall, said cylinder and said Wall having inlet and exhaust openings arranged to be brought into communication in acer-v tain position of the piston, and a valve for controlling said openings..

6. In a heat engine, the combination of a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder having a cylindrical Wall litting in said cylinder, said cylinder and said Wall having openings ar-V ranged toV be brought into communication in a certain position ofthe piston, and a valve movably mounted on the pistonfor controlling said openings.

7. In a heat engine, the combination of a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, a cylindrical extension on the pistonin proximate parallelism with the interior Wall oi' the cylinder, said cylinder and said extension having registering port openings arranged to open the combustion chamber ofthe cylinder in a certain-position of the piston, and va cylindrical valve cooperating with said cylinder and said extension for controlling said openings.`

8. In a'heat engine, the combination'of a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, a cylin= drical extension on the piston in sliding contact With the interiorvvall of the cylinder, said cylinder andV said extension having port openings arranged to open the combustion chamber ofthe cylinder in a certain position of the piston, and a cylindrical valve in sliding contact with said extension for controlling said'openings.

9. In-a heat engine,the combination of a.

cylinder, a piston in thecylinder having a cylindrical Wall concentric With the cylinder, said cylinder and said Wall having port openings arranged to be brought into communication in a certain position of the piston, a cylindrical valvel for. directly controlling said openings, and means controlled by the reciprocation of the piston for actuating said valve.

' 10. In a heat engine, the combination of a cylinder, apiston havingV a cylindrical fWall in sliding Contact with the cylinder, said cylinder and said vvall having port openings arranged to register in a certain position of the piston, anda cylindrical valve in; sliding contact with said Wall to control said openings. Y

11. In aheat engine, the combination of la cylinder, a piston. having a cylindrical Wall inv sliding Contact with the cylinder, said cylinder and said Wall having port openings arranged to register in a certain position of the piston, and a'rotary valve in slidingcontact With said Wall to control said openings.

12. In a heat engine, the combination of a cylinder, a piston having a'cylindrical Wall in sliding contact with the cylinder, Asaid cylinder and said Wall having port openings arranged to register ina certain position of Vthe piston, a'rotaryvalve inV sliding ContactV .with said viral-1` to controlsaid openings, and 130 ineans controlled by the reciprocation of the piston for actuatingsaid valve.

13. In a heat engine, the combination of a cylinder, a piston having a .Cylindrical ex- 5 tension on its outer end, said cylinder and said extension having port openings arranged to register in a certain position of the piston, a cylindrical valve associated with said extension for .controlling said 10 openings, and means extending through the piston for rotating said valve in response to reciprocation of the piston.

14. In a heat engine, the combination of a cylinder', a piston having a cylindrical eX- 15 tension on its outer end in sliding contact With the cylinder, said cylinder and said extension having port openings arranged to register in a certain position of the piston, a cup-shaped valve tting into said extension tor controlling said openings, and means 20 extending through the piston for rotating said valve in response to reoiprocation of the piston.

Signed by me at Lowell, Massachusetts, this 31st day of October, 1916.

BUTLER AMES.

Witnesses:

JOSEPH A. LEGARE, JOHN A. MCKENNA. 

